Important FR4 Material Properties
FR4 is a common epoxy fiberglass reinforced laminate, particularly noted for its strength, electrical insulation, e resistência ao calor. These fundamental specifications classify it as an excellent electrical insulator, PCB, and aerospace bracket, among other critical precision components. The following are the distinguishing qualities of FR4:
1. High Dielectric Strength
FR4 has very high electrical insulation, but it is usually preferred in high-voltage applications, with dielectric strength values being very high (more than 19.7 kV/mm). This is essential in printed circuit boards (PCBs), conectores, and switchgear, where signal isolation is a necessity.
2. Thermal Resistance
FR4 can be used at 130-150 o C continuous service temperatures with both mechanical and electrical stability. This qualifies it to be used in soldering works and places exposed to intense heat. It has a low heat deflection temperature, which enables it to be used in the manufacturing of industrial and electronics equipment.
3. Estabilidade dimensional
FR4 has a low thermal coefficient of expansion (~14 16 ppm/C), and is not subject to warp or distortion due to mechanical or thermal loads. It possesses strict tolerances, hence it is suitable to apply in complex geometries or the assembly of mating assemblies.
4. Mechanical Strength
FR4 has a high compressive modulus with a flexural strength of more than 480 MPa, which makes it very rigid and able to support high loads. It finds its usual application in structural support jobs such as aerospace brackets in space and automotive systems, as well as spacers and backplanes.
5. Resistência à umidade
FR4 absorbs few amount of water (geralmente <0.1%) and is quite stable under wet or humid conditions. This water resistance serves to safeguard delicate circuits and provides long-term electrical stability.
6. Flame Retardancy
Como o nome indica, FR (Flame Retardant) 4 has a UL94 V-0 flammability rating, which means that it can self-extinguish in a short course of time without dropping. This feature guarantees safety in places of confined spaces or thermally hot locations such as power panels and transformers.
7. Resistência química
FR4 FR4 is resistant to acids, bases, and solvents, so it is used in chemically exposed applications such as labs, battery systems, or industrial control units. It does not diminish to an easily broken condition at all, so long as it is used.
8. Maquinabilidade
FR4 machines well with proper tooling, although it is abrasive because of the glass fibers. It serves a wide range of post-processing finishes, tolerâncias apertadas, e formas complexas, which makes it helpful in manufacturing custom parts in several industries.
Podemos resumir essas propriedades na tabela a seguir：
Propriedade | Typical Value / Descrição | Benefit |
Dielectric Strength | > 19.7 kV/mm | Ideal for high-voltage insulation |
Thermal Resistance | Up to 130–150°C continuous | Stable in high-temperature environments |
Estabilidade dimensional | CTE ≈ 14–16 ppm/°C | Maintains precision under thermal/mechanical stress |
Flexural Strength | > 480 MPa | Provides excellent rigidity and structural integrity |
Water Absorption | < 0.1% | Performs well in humid or wet environments |
Flame Retardancy | UL94 V-0 rated | Safe for electrical and enclosed systems |
Resistência química | Resists acids, bases, and solvents | Suitable for chemically harsh environments |
Maquinabilidade | Abrasive but CNC-compatible | Allows precise fabrication of complex parts |
