CNC 加工は 2 つの幅広い材料ファミリーに対応します: 金属とプラスチック. 材質の選択によって強度が決まります, 重さ, 耐食性, 被削性, 表面仕上げ, そしてコスト. The right choice always depends on the part’s loads, 環境, and tolerances—never on a single property. This guide covers the common metals and plastics, how to choose, and when each one earns its cost.
How To Choose A CNC Machining Material
Start by evaluating these five key factors:
- Service conditions.Confirm temperature, 化学薬品, 水分, 紫外線, and food or medical contact.
- 機械的性質.Define required strength, 硬度, 剛性, そして耐衝撃性.
- 被削性.Estimate how fast and cleanly the material cuts.
- 表面仕上げ.Decide on as-machined roughness, 陽極酸化処理, メッキ, またはコーティング.
- 料金.Compare raw material price, サイクル時間, そして工具の磨耗.
Material Grade And Condition Matter
The alloy name alone is not always enough when you specify a CNC machining material. 気性, 熱処理, 硬度, and material condition can significantly affect strength, 被削性, 寸法安定性, そしてコスト.
- アルミニウム 6061 is not the same as 6061-T6. The “-T6” temper means the material was solution heat-treated and artificially aged, which changes both strength and machinability.
- ステンレス鋼 17-4 PH is not a generic stainless. Its strength and hardness change with the aging condition, such as H900 versus H1150.
- 4140 steel changes with heat treatment. 焼き鈍し 4140 machines easily. 硬化した 4140 is stronger but slower and more expensive to cut.
Specify the full grade, temper, and condition on your drawing. That one line removes ambiguity in quoting, 機械加工, そして検査, and it lets the shop match the correct material certificate.
CNC Machining Metals
Metals dominate CNC work because they deliver strength, 厳しい許容範囲, and repeatable finishes.
| 材料 | 一般的なグレード | 主な利点 | 代表的なアプリケーション |
| アルミニウム | 6061-T6, 7075-T6 | 軽量, 機械加工可能, 耐食性 | 航空宇宙, エレクトロニクス, 自動車 |
| 鋼鉄 | 1018, 4140, 4340, 工具鋼 | 高強度, hardenable, 厳しい | シャフト, ツーリング, 構造部品 |
| ステンレス鋼 | 303, 304, 316, 17-4 PH | 耐食性, 衛生, 強い | 医学, 食べ物, 海洋 |
| チタン | 学年 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) | 優れた強度重量比, 生体適合性のある | 航空宇宙, 医学 |
| 銅 | C110 | 優れた導電性 | 電気部品 |
| 真鍮 | C360 | Free-machining, 導電性 | 継手, コネクタ |
| ブロンズ | C932 | 耐摩耗性, 低摩擦 | ブシュ, ベアリング |
| マグネシウム | AZ31B | Very low density and excellent strength-to-weight potential | Lightweight housings |
| 亜鉛 | 重荷 3 | 低コスト, 寸法安定性 | 小さな部品 |
| 鋳鉄 | グレー, 延性のある | Vibration damping, 耐摩耗性 | 機械ベース, ツーリング |
6061-T6アルミニウム is one of the most widely used CNC machining materials for general-purpose structural and mechanical parts. 使用 7075 アルミニウム when you need higher strength. 選ぶ 304 または 316 ステンレス鋼 for corrosion and hygiene. 選ぶ チタン when its strength-to-weight ratio, 耐食性, 生体適合性, or temperature performance justifies the higher material and machining cost. Alloy steel そして 工具鋼 suit high-strength and wear applications.
CNC Machining Plastics
Plastics are chosen for light weight, 電気断熱, 耐薬品性, or lower cost.
| プラスチック | Why Engineers Choose It |
| ABS | 厳しい, 低コスト, 機械加工が簡単 |
| アクリル (PMMA) | クリア, 硬い, polishes well |
| ナイロン (PA) | 強い, 耐摩耗性 |
| デルリン / アセタール (POM) | 硬い, 低摩擦, 優れた加工性 |
| ピーク | 高強度と耐熱性 |
| PTFE | 低摩擦, 耐薬品性, suitable for many food-contact applications |
| ポリカーボネート (パソコン) | 厳しい, 透明, 耐衝撃性 |
| HDPE / UHMW-PE | 低摩擦, 耐薬品性 |
| PPS | High heat and chemical resistance |
| 究極 (PEI) | Flame-resistant, 高強度 |
| トルロン (パイ) | Very high strength at temperature |
デルリン そして ナイロン cover most general-purpose plastic parts. 使用 ピーク または 究極 for high-temperature or medical work. PTFE そして HDPE suit chemical and food-contact service. アクリル gives you transparent, polished parts.
Quick CNC Material Selection Guide
| If you need… | Consider… |
| Low cost and easy machining | 6061 アルミニウム, 真鍮, デルリン |
| 高い強度重量比 | 7075 アルミニウム, チタン |
| 耐食性 | 316 ステンレス鋼, チタン |
| 電気伝導率 | 銅, 真鍮, アルミニウム |
| 高温耐性 | ピーク, PEI, PPS |
| 低摩擦 | POM, PTFE, UHMW-PE |
| 耐摩耗性 | Tool steel, POM, UHMW-PE |
| 透明性 | アクリル, ポリカーボネート |
| Medical applications | 316L stainless steel, チタン, ピーク |
CNC Machining Materials By Application
| 応用 | Material To Consider | なぜ |
| 航空宇宙 | 7075 アルミニウム, チタン, ピーク, 究極 | Strength-to-weight and heat resistance |
| 医学 | 316L stainless, チタン, ピーク | Biocompatibility and cleanability |
| Food Contact | 304/316 ステンレス, デルリン, PTFE, HDPE | Cleanable, non-toxic surfaces |
| 電気 | 銅, 真鍮, アルミニウム | 導電率 |
| 高温 | チタン, 工具鋼, ピーク, トルロン | 耐熱性 |
| Chemical Service | 316 ステンレス, PTFE, HDPE, PPS | 耐薬品性 |
| プロトタイピング | 6061 アルミニウム, ABS, デルリン | Fast and low cost |
| Wear Parts | Hardened tool steel, デルリン, UHMW-PE | 耐摩耗性 |
Machinability And Surface Finish
Machinability describes how easily a material cuts. It drives cycle time, ツールウェア, 仕上げる, そしてコスト.
- Free-machining materials.Brass C360, 303 ステンレス, 6061 アルミニウム, and Delrin cut fast and finish well.
- Difficult materials.チタン, 硬化した鋼, and superalloys need slow feeds and more tool wear.
- Metal finishes.Aluminum can be anodized; stainless can be passivated or electropolished; steel can be plated.
- Plastic finishes.Plastics usually need polishing or vapor polishing to remove tool marks.
Learn more in our guides on machinability of materials そして CNC加工用の表面仕上げ.
What CNC Machining Materials Cost
Material cost comes from raw material price, 学年, 可用性, and machining waste. Machinability then adds labor and tooling cost.
- Aluminum and free-machining brass are usually the most cost-effective metals.
- Stainless steel costs more to buy and cuts slower than aluminum.
- Titanium costs more again, in both material and cycle time.
- ピーク, トルロン, and Ultem cost more than ABS or Delrin and machine more slowly.
Exact prices depend on your geometry, 学年, 仕上げる, and volume. A quote gives you the real number.
DFM Tips For Choosing A Machinable Material
Select the material before you finalize thin walls, スレッド, と公差. Each material machines differently.
- Specify the grade and standard. Do not write only “aluminum” or “stainless steel”.
- Avoid deep pockets and thin walls in soft, gummy plastics.
- Match tight tolerances to machinability. Tight tolerances in titanium cost more.
- Decide on surface finish or coating before quoting. They change the material choice.
- Confirm temperature and chemical exposure before you pick a plastic.
When Not To Use Certain Materials
Some materials machine easily but fail in service. Others perform well but cost too much to machine.
- 6061 aluminum struggles in strong chloride or seawater environments.
- 304 stainless can gall and work-harden. 選ぶ 303 stainless steel when machinability is a higher priority; 選ぶ 304 または 316 when corrosion resistance is more important.
- Titanium is expensive and slow to machine. Use it only when weight or biocompatibility justifies it.
- PTFE and UHMW creep under load and are hard to hold to tight tolerances.
- Acrylic is brittle and cracks at sharp corners.
- Magnesium swarf is flammable and needs controlled machining.
- Plain carbon steel rusts. It needs coating or plating unless hardened or passivated.
よくある質問
CNC加工できる材質は何ですか?
Metals such as aluminum, 鋼鉄, ステンレス鋼, チタン, 銅, 真鍮, そしてマグネシウム, plus plastics such as ABS, アクリル, ナイロン, デルリン, ピーク, and PTFE.
What is the best material for CNC machining?
It depends on the part. For most general-purpose parts, 6061-T6 aluminum is a strong default. Match the material to the load, 環境, そして終わります.
What is the most common CNC machining material?
6061-T6アルミニウム. 強さを兼ね備えています, 耐食性, and fast machinability.
What is the easiest material to CNC machine?
Brass C360 and free-machining aluminum among metals. Delrin or acetal among plastics.
What is the strongest CNC machining material?
There is no single strongest CNC machining material. High-strength alloy steels, tool steels, and titanium alloys are commonly selected for demanding metal applications, while PEEK and Torlon are options for high-performance plastic parts. The right choice depends on tensile strength, 硬度, 温度, 着る, and load requirements.
Is aluminum cheaper to machine than stainless steel?
一般的に, はい. Aluminum machines faster and wears tools less, so it costs less per part for most geometries.
Can hardened steel be CNC machined?
はい. It needs rigid machines, carbide tooling, and slower feeds.
Do you provide material certificates?
はい. Request a certificate for your specified grade when you お問い合わせ.
Get A Material Recommendation For Your Part
私たちは機械を作ります 100+ metals and plastics under an ISO 9001:2015 quality system. Our shop covers 3-axis, 4-軸, and 5-axis milling, 旋回, および放電加工. We finish prototypes in 1–3 days and return quotes in 24 時間. Achievable tolerances depend on geometry, 材料, 機械, 及び検査方法.
Send your CAD, PDF, or sample drawing for a free DFM review and material recommendation.
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