In this article, we will explore the facts about the density of magnesium. So, let’s go deeper into the discussion.
What Is The Density of Magnesium in g/cm³?
Magnesium has a density of approx – 1.738 g/cm 3. It is relatively low, making magnesium one of the lightest structural metals, which is greatly desired in most applications.
Other Common Units for Magnesium Density
- Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³): 1,738 kg/m³
- Pounds per cubic inch (lb/in³): 0.0631 lb/in³
- Pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft³): 108.2 lb/ft³
- Tonnes per cubic meter (t/m³): 1.738 t/m³
How Magnesium’s Atomic Mass Affects Its Material Density?
The atomic weight of magnesium comes to a total value of 24.305 g/mol. In general, the density of an Mg depends on the atomic weight and inter-atomic distance in the crystal lattice. Magnesium weighs less than metals like iron or aluminum because its atoms have a smaller atomic weight. Additionally, magnesium atoms are not as heavy as those of iron or aluminum.
The lower density of magnesium is sought where weight reduction is of value. For instance, in aerospace and automotive applications. Nevertheless, the periodic table and atomic structure of magnesium also dictate that the Mg density is proportional to the atomic packing density.
Making Magnesium: An Overview
Magnesium is typically produced through two main processes: Electrolytic reduction and thermal reduction. It involves the Baxter process of extracting the magnesium from its ores, either magnesite or dolomite and then purifying the metal.
Electrolytic Reduction
In this method, an electric current is applied to the purified molten magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), derived from seawater or natural resources. Electrolytic reduction is a high-energy consumption process, but the most frequently used technique in the industrial preparation of high-purity magnesium.
Thermal Reduction
Magnesium oxide is usually obtained from magnesium ores. It is melted at high temperatures. A reducing agent like silicon or carbon is added. This process produces magnesium metal. Compared to the electrolytic reduction method, it is a less energy-demanding process but produces fewer purities.
Sources of Magnesium Ore
The chief source of magnesium is obtained from magnesite (MgCO₃) and dolomite (CaMg(CO₃)₂). These ores are readily available and the extraction styles differ according to the nature of the ore and the grade of the end metal product required.
Refining and Purification
Magnesium after extraction is purified to remove elements, such as iron, calcium, and silicon. The purity can be achieved through distillation or vacuum distillation.
Magnesium’s Physical Properties
Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal. It comprises several dominant properties, making it ideal for other metals.
Density
The density of magnesium is about 1.738 g/cm 3, which allows it to be one of the lightest structural metals. That is why it is utilized in applications where the reduction of weight is central.
Melting Point
Magnesium has a low melting point of 650°C (1,202°F) in comparison with the other metals which makes it easy to work and cast but not suitable for high-temperature applications.
Boiling Point
The boiling point of magnesium is 1,090°C. Therefore, the material remains at a relatively high temperature and is suitable for particular uses.
Thermal Conductivity
Magnesium is a good conductor of heat with a thermal conductivity of 156 W/m-k, making it ideal for heat-sensitive parts in electronics and automotive uses.
Electrical Conductivity
Magnesium is rated low conductivity compared to metals like copper.
Modulus of Elasticity
The modulus of elasticity of magnesium is about 45 GPa. So, the material is quite rigid but symptomatic to other metals such as aluminum or stellar steel.
Color and Appearance
Magnesium is usually a bright light-weight metallic together with a shiny lustrous appearance when machined. However, it can rust rather fast when exposed to air, and thus, its surface turns into a gray-colored oxide layer.
Reactivity
Magnesium is a highly reactive metal at high temperatures. It usually burns in the air producing a bright white flame, making it suitable for use in pyrotechnics.
Magnesium’s Chemical Properties – Key Values
| Property | Value |
| Atomic Number | 12 |
| Atomic Weight | 24.305 g/mol |
| Electronegativity | 1.31 (Pauline scale) |
| Oxidation State | +2 (commonly forms Mg²⁺ ions) |
| Reaction with Water (Cold) | Reacts slowly, forming magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) and hydrogen gas (H₂) |
| Reaction with Water (Hot) | Reacts faster, producing magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas |
| Reaction with Oxygen | Forms magnesium oxide (MgO) at high temperatures (2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO) |
| Reaction with Acids | Reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl), forming magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and hydrogen gas (H₂) |
| Reaction with Carbon | Forms magnesium carbide (MgC₂) at high temperatures (Mg + C → MgC₂) |
| Corrosion Resistance | Moderate; forms a protective oxide layer in dry air, but corrodes easily in moist or saline environments |
| Formation of Magnesium Hydroxide | Forms magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) when exposed to water or alkaline solutions, slightly soluble in water |
Magnesium – Benefits vs. Limitations
| Benefits | Limitations |
| Magnesium is the lightest structural metal, offering a weight advantage of about 30% over aluminum and 50% over titanium. | Highly flammable, especially in pure form, though this is less of a concern when in bulk as opposed to powder or shavings. |
| Cost-effective and abundant, making it easy to source for manufacturing. | Corrosion-prone without protective alloys, more susceptible than metals like aluminum or stainless steel. |
| Offers impressive strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. | Complex processing compared to other metals, requires specialized techniques. |
| Excellent thermal conductivity, useful in heat-sensitive applications like electronics and automotive parts. | Some alloys are brittle, particularly in low-temperature conditions. |
| Ideal for electromagnetic shielding, commonly used in aerospace and electronics. | The energy-intensive extraction process, despite being widely available. |
| Requires minimal energy to recycle, making it an eco-friendly option. | Production costs can be higher compared to other metals like aluminum and steel due to process complexity. |
| Has the highest damping capacity among structural metals, ideal for vibration-sensitive applications. | The low melting point makes it unsuitable for high-temperature applications. |
| Easily alloyed with other metals and elements to enhance properties. | Certain alloys can be brittle at low temperatures, limiting their use in some high-stress applications. |
| Some magnesium alloys are biocompatible, and suitable for medical implants and devices. | It can be prone to galvanic corrosion when used in combination with other metals in electrolytic environments. |
Magnesium: Common Applications
Some common applications of magnesium include:
Pyrotechnics
Fireworks and flares use magnesium because it burns with a bright, white flame. So, it is a useful material for developing vivid effects in pyrotechnical productions.
Luggage
The lightweight and yet strong character of magnesium makes it ideal for use in high-end luggage products. Most of the superior quality suitcase manufacturers employ magnesium alloys to design strong and lightweight frames.
Sports and Recreation Equipment
Magnesium alloys are used in equipment for special activities such as tennis, golf, and cycling since they are lightweight and strong. Its strength-to-weight ratio guarantees toughness and functionality with the least manageable weight.
Cameras
For lightweight and robust construction, professional-level digital cameras usually incorporate magnesium alloy. This makes the camera easier to carry. Moreover, It also gives the camera a strong body.
Power Tools
This is used in the making of power tools because it is light and has a good shock-absorbing capacity. It also decreases vibration and therefore tools are easy to handle without causing fatigue and their effectiveness increases with time.
Car Seats
For example, magnesium is used in sports car seats because such car seats must be strong as well as lightweight. The material also has high strength, which lets manufacturers make tough seat frames without bogging down a car with weight.
Laptops
Magnesium alloy as of late is usually integrated into the casing of high-end laptops to deliver durability and lightness. Also, it’s useful for cooling gadgets and safeguarding interior parts.
Conclusion
Magnesium is the lightest of the structural metals. This is a big advantage in areas where weight is important. An adequate understanding of the density of magnesium is crucial in the fields of engineering and manufacturing to maximize its use in industries. Contact us for more information.
